The World of Synchrotron Radiation

Spintronics without magnetism

Recently, David Awschalom(UCSB) and Nitin Samarth (Penn State) published an interesting article on the development of this alternate track—“spintronics without magnetism”—relies on our ability to manipulate carrier spins in semiconductors through the spin-orbit interaction. This is an attractive pathway for designing semiconductor spintronic devices because spin-orbit coupling enables the generation and manipulation of spins solely by electric fields. This is easy to understand in a qualitative way by recalling that spin-orbit coupling is the natural outcome of incorporating special relativity within quantum mechanics (the Dirac and Pauli equations). In the rest frame of an electron moving through a lattice, the external electric field (along with that from the atomic cores) is Lorentz transformed into a magnetic field that can act upon the spin of the electron. Using the spin-orbit interaction for manipulating electron spin obviates the design complexities that are often associated with incorporating local magnetic fields into device architectures. As we discuss below, the basic conceptual framework for the influence of the spin-orbit interaction on mobile electron spins has deep and old roots, but the experimental harnessing of these concepts is very contemporary and still at an early—and exciting—stage of development and discovery.

For the complete article click here

Scanning Probe Microscopy

List of Literatures:

SPM on wikipedia

Introduction to AFM methods from Pennstate University.

Colvin Group, Rice University AFM Manual.

SPM page by John Cross

User Manuals:

Practical guide.


A Practical Guide to Scanning Probe Microscopy

Multimode DI SPM Manual

DI User manual for Imaging

DI User manual for Image Analysis

Training Manual for DI SPM

Training Notebook for DI SPM

User Manual for Electrostatic Force Microscopy

User Manual for Magnetic Force Microscopy

User Manual for Force Modulation Microscopy

User Manual for Nanoindentation

User manual of DI SPM


Training Manual for Auto Probe SPM

Autoprobe Shortcut Manual

Shortcut Manual for DPN

Manual for STM


Microscope and Companies:

* Accurion, LLC - Providers of SPM, AFM, imaging ellipsometers, Brewster angle microscopes, and active vibration isolation instruments.
* Advanced Surface Microscopy - Lab specializing in SPM, AFM, MFM Supplies AFMs, nm-scale calibration standards, AFM probes, and related products.
* Advanced Technologies Center - Development and production of scanning probe microscopes and software, scientific research in nanotechnology.
* Agilent Technologies (formerly Molecular Imaging) - Provides AFM, SPM, imaging software and accessories.
* Applied NanoStructures - Manufacturer and supplier of SPM probes, custom AFM probes, cantilevers, membranes and nanopores.
* Asylum Research - Company provides innovative SPM and AFM instrumentation for nanoscience and nanotechnology.
* Atomic Force F&E GmbH - A Germany based company that distributes and supports SPM and related accessories.
* Biometrology - A full service analytical laboratory for the outsourcing of AFM and other surface analytical techniques.
* Copenhagen Applied Research - Supplier of microscopic electrical conductivity probes and systems.
* Danish Micro Engineering - Manufactures optical and atomic force scanning microscopes, stages, and controllers.
* Digital Instruments - Manufacturers SPM, AFM, STM, and SFM. Site offers a comprehensive electron microscopy image collection, application notes and related resources.
* FEI Tools for Nanotech - FEI Company manufactures transmission electron microscopes and scanning electron microscopes for research, industry, semiconductor, data storage, and biology.
* Indigo Scientific Ltd. - Complete microscopy imaging solutions including digital cameras, flat screens, confocal microscopy, AFM and computers
* Infinitesima - UK manufacturer of advanced, high speed scanning probe microscopes and add-on accessories.
* Innovative Solutions Bulgaria - Offers a choice of cost efficient silicon AFM probes for tapping, force modulation and contact mode measurements.
* JEOL SPM.
* JPK Instruments AG - Developer and manufacturer of scanning probe microscopes and other nanobiotools. Located in Germany.
* MikroMasch - Cantilevers and calibration gratings for SPM. Also provides conductive and magnetic coatings for tips.
* NanoAndMore GmbH - European distributor of SPM/AFM Equipment and consumables.
* Nanofactory Instruments - Develops and markets unique combinations of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) instruments.
* Nanograph Systems - UK manufacturer of scanning probe microscopes and control systems for custom SPM applications.
* Nanomagnetics Instruments.
* Nanonics Imaging, Ltd. - Manufacturers of SPM, AFM, NSOM, SNOM and Confocal systems and associated products.
* Nanonis - Provides software, hardware and services for the nanotechnology research. The flagship product is a control system for scanning probe microscopes.
* Nanoscience Instruments - Provides scanning probe microscopes, accessories, and probes
* Nanosurf - Nanosurf provides easy-to-use STMs for education, AFMs for industry and PLL electronics for research.
* Nanotec Electronica - Located in Spain and manufactures SPM, STM and AFM.
* NanoWorld AG - Swiss company that provides silicon and silicon nitride cantilevers and probes for SPM and AFM
* Novascan Technologies, Inc. - Manufacturer of AFMs, AFM accessories and custom microfabricated and chemically modified probes for AFMs.
* n-Surf - Offers software for analyzing and processing SPM/AFM images.
* NT-MDT Co. - Russian company that provides a scanning probe microscope and related accessories.
* Omniscan - Provides instrumentation and consulting for measurement of surface roughness, waviness and shape; layer thickness and optical properties ranging from the sub-nanometer to the cm scales.
* Pacific Nanotechnology, Inc. - Provides probe microscope products and services.
* PSIA Inc. - Manufactures AFM and SPM. Offices worldwide
* Quesant - Fast, accurate solutions for Scanning Probe Microscopy.
* RHK Technology Quantitative SPM solutions - RHK manufactures scanning probe microscopes and accessories for research. We provide quantitative SPM solutions for UHV, liquid, and controlled environment. We also provide easyScan AFMs for industrial environments.
* Schaefer Technology - European distributor of AFM's, STM's, AFM probes and accessories.
* SPECS
* Surface Imaging Systems - German company that manufacturers scanning probe microscopes and related tools
* Team Nanotec - German company that provides afm probe tips and silicon mems components.
* Windsor Scientific - Provides electrochemical, metrological and analytical equipment - scanning probe microscopes, accessories, and probes.
* WITec - Manufacturer of modular designed SNOM, AFM, Confocal Raman Microscopes and Pulsed Force Mode AFM.

The MAX IV

MAX IV is planned to be the next generation Swedish synchrotron radiation facility. It will replace the existing laboratory consisting of the MAX I, II and III storage rings. The main source at MAX IV will be a 3-GeV ring with state-of-the-art low emittance for the production of soft and hard x-rays. The linac injector will provide short pulses to a short pulse facility. In addition the MAX III ring and an upgraded MAX II ring will be reinstalled at the new locations. This solution allows the production of synchrotron radiation with optimal characteristics in a wide energy region, fulfilling the needs of most diverse research areas.

The MAX IV design also includes an option for a Free Electron Laser as a second development stage of the facility.

For design video please click here.